Jorma Ahava
Finnish co-driver to Simo Lampinen; 1st in the Prototype category of the 1965 Coupe des Alpes.
The People Behind the Triumph Spitfire
The engineer whose idea it was, the stylist who drew it, the men who built and prepared its racing cars, and the drivers who raced them: who they were and what each of them did.
The Spitfire was an engineer's idea and a stylist's shape. Harry Webster, Standard-Triumph's director of engineering, wanted a "Herald sports car", and in 1960 Giovanni Michelotti built it as a single prototype.
Many more people followed it into production and on to the circuits. Four have pages of their own: Webster and Michelotti, Kas Kastner, who ran Triumph's competition department in the United States, and Bill Bradley, the works driver who went on to race works cars as a privateer. The others are here, with only what the sources record of them.source 1source 2source 3source 4
From a Herald sports car to Le Mans
Webster brought Michelotti into Standard-Triumph's work in 1957, and Michelotti styled the Herald; the Spitfire was built on a shortened Herald chassis. When Standard-Triumph ran out of money, the prototype was stored under a dust sheet, and how it came out again is told several ways. Graham Robson credits Webster's "persuasive powers" with winning the approval of Leyland Motors, the company's new owner; one account, Lancaster Insurance's, names Stanley Markland of Leyland as the executive who found the car.
Webster then took Triumph back to Le Mans on his own terms, and a colleague told Robson that the money came from Markland. Ray Henderson, head of the experimental department, was in overall charge of building the competition cars, and Peter Clarke and Peter Cox were among the mechanics. In the United States, Standard Triumph Inc. ran three of the Le Mans cars at Sebring in 1965, prepared under Kastner, and Bradley, with the factory's help, kept two of them racing as a privateer until 1967.
Leyland became British Leyland in 1968 and moved Webster to Longbridge. Michelotti died in Turin in January 1980, and in August that year Canley built the last Spitfire.source 5source 6source 7source 1source 8source 9source 10source 11source 12source 4source 13source 14source 15
At Standard-Triumph
Short entries for those without pages, in the year each joins the story.
- 1957
Alick Dick
Standard-Triumph's managing director until 1961. Graham Robson writes that Michelotti was taken on at Webster's recommendation, with Dick's approval.
- 1961
Stanley Markland
A Leyland Motors executive, and one of Standard-Triumph's bosses after the takeover. One account names him as the man who found the prototype under its dust sheet, and a colleague of Webster's recalled that the Le Mans money came from him.
- 1962
John Lloyd
Webster's deputy. He later told Graham Robson that they took Bomb from prototype to production car in 15 months, and that a month after the launch he and Webster took two Spitfires to the Turin show and were stuck in snow on the Mont Cenis pass.
- 1964
Ray Henderson
Head of Triumph's experimental department and, Canley Classics says, in overall charge of building every Triumph competition car of the Spitfire years. He wrote a report on proposed FIA rules for 1966 that shaped the GT6R Le Mans project, and in 1966, by Bradley's account, his team built Bradley a new car around ADU 1B.
- 1965
Peter Clarke
A works competition mechanic, photographed with ADU 4B at Sebring in 1965. With Peter Cox he later built and ran the Gold Seal cars.
- 1965
David Lloyd
The Triumph draughtsman and pattern-maker who drew the special parts of the Macau Spitfire and made its glass-fibre deck and hump. He is not John Lloyd, nor Richard Lloyd of Gold Seal Racing.
- 1965
Fred Nicklin
A Triumph test driver. According to Canley Classics, which owns the Macau car, he lapped MIRA in it at nearly 210 km/h (130 mph); he later built a car from left-over works parts that took the registration ADU 7B.
- 1967
Peter Cox
A competition-department mechanic who bought ADU 467B and won the Freddie Dixon Trophy with it in 1967, then built, ran and drove Gold Seal Racing's glass-fibre Spitfires in 1968–69.
The crews
The drivers of the works cars and the Macau car, 1964–65. Every result is on the racing page.
- 1964
David Hobbs and Rob Slotemaker
At Le Mans in No. 50, ADU 2B: 21st overall, and the only Spitfire to finish. Their No. 52 crashed in 1965.
- 1964
Bob Tullius
At Le Mans in No. 49, ADU 1B, which crashed with Mike Rothschild driving; at Sebring in 1965 with Charlie Gates, 3rd in the GT class up to 1,300 cc. He founded Group 44 in 1965.
- 1964
Terry Hunter
With Slotemaker, winner of the GT class up to 1,300 cc on the Tour de France Automobile and 15th overall; then 2nd overall on the Geneva Rally in a works Spitfire.
- 1964
Valerie Pirie
Stirling Moss's secretary, at the wheel of his SMART team's Spitfire, ADU 467B, on the 1964 Tour de France and the 1965 Monte Carlo Rally; she retired from both. She is in the photograph at the top of this page.
- 1964
Ed Barker
The Sports Car Club of America's national G Production champion in a Spitfire; at Sebring in 1965, with Duane Feuerhelm and Rothschild, 2nd in the GT class up to 1,300 cc in ADU 4B.
- 1965
Jean-Jacques Thuner and Simo Lampinen
At Le Mans in No. 60, ADU 4B: 13th overall and winners of the 1.15-litre GT class. Lampinen, whom Webster signed for the rally team, also won the Prototype category of the Coupe des Alpes; Thuner was Swiss champion that year.
- 1965
Jean-François Piot and Claude Dubois
At Le Mans in No. 54, probably ADU 3B: 14th overall and 2nd in class. Piot also won the 1.15-litre GT class of the 1964 Paris 1000 km with Jean-Louis Marnat.
- 1965
Charlie Gates
At Sebring with Tullius in ADU 2B; then, in 1966–67, the only driver of the Macau Spitfire for Kastner.
- 1965
Walter Sulke
Of Z.F. Garages, the Standard-Triumph distributor in Hong Kong. He commissioned the Macau Spitfire and, according to Canley Classics, drove it to 3rd place in the Macau Grand Prix on 28 November; one later account has Albert Poon 2nd overall in it.
Of all the cars these crews drove, one Le Mans Spitfire survives complete: ADU 4B, the car Thuner and Lampinen took to the class win in 1965.source 21source 22source 23source 12source 24source 25source 26source 20source 27source 28source 10source 1source 29source 30source 9source 31source 32
People
Richard Attwood
Drove Bill Bradley's Spitfire entry at Crystal Palace in June 1965.
Ed Barker
American racing driver; 2nd in the GT class up to 1,300 cc at Sebring in 1965 in ADU 4B, and the 1964 SCCA G Production national champion in a Spitfire.
Jerry Barker
SCCA national champion in a Spitfire in 1975 (G Production) and 1980 (F Production), when he also won the SCCA's Kimberly Cup.
Alain Bertaut
French driver. Keith Ballisat's co-driver in a works Triumph TR3 on the 1958 Alpine Rally, when they won a Coupe des Alpes, 1st in class and 4th overall, and on the 1959 Liège–Rome–Liège, 2nd in class and 8th overall. In 1964 he drove a Standard-Triumph Spitfire with Jean-François Piot in the Reims 12 Hours.
Peter Bolton
British racing driver. He drove one of the three works TR3S twin-cams at Le Mans in 1959, No. 26 with Mike Rothschild; at Sebring in 1963 he and Rothschild won the GT class up to 2.5 litres in a Standard-Triumph TR4, 22nd overall; and he drove works Spitfires at Sebring and Le Mans in 1965.
privateer entrant
Bill Bradley
British racing driver: a works Spitfire driver in 1964–65, then a factory-supported privateer who raced two of the Le Mans cars until 1967. At Le Mans in 1964 he drove a works Austin-Healey Sprite, which racingsportscars lists as a Sebring Sprite, with Baker, 24th overall. He was later a source for Canley Classics' histories of the works cars. Born in 1934, according to the racingsportscars database (German Wikipedia gives 1931).
John Britten
Co-drove a Gold Seal Spitfire with Chris Marshall in 1969.
competition mechanic, team manager
Peter Clarke
Works competition mechanic, photographed with ADU 4B at Sebring in 1965; with Peter Cox he built and ran the Gold Seal cars, and he later built Richard Lloyd's historic racer on a steel tub with the Gold Seal car's 70X engine.
Michael Costin
Drove Bill Bradley's Spitfire entries in Marque races in 1966.
competition mechanic, team manager
Peter Cox
Competition-department mechanic in the Spitfire years; won the Freddie Dixon Trophy in 1967 in ADU 467B, then built, ran and drove Gold Seal Racing's glass-fibre Spitfires in 1968–69.
Don Devendorf
1968 SCCA G Production national champion in a Spitfire.
Mike Downs
Racing driver: 2nd in G Production at the 1968 American Road Race of Champions in a Spitfire.
Claude Dubois
Belgian racing driver. In 1959 he was one of the six drivers of Standard-Triumph's three TR3S twin-cams at Le Mans; the sources disagree on which car he shared (with Ninian Sanderson in racingsportscars and the US factory club's race report; with Peter Jopp in the club's entry and SCI's line-up, while SCI's report calls him Bolton's co-driver). In 1965 he was 2nd in the 1.15-litre GT class at Le Mans in a works Spitfire.
Duane Feuerhelm
American racing driver; drove ADU 4B at Sebring in 1965.
Roy Fidler
British rally driver. He co-drove Mike Sutcliffe's works TR4 to a Coupe des Alpes and 4th overall on the 1962 Alpine Rally; drove works TR4s in 1963, when he was badly injured as Sutcliffe crashed 6 VC on the Alpine and rolled his own car on the RAC Rally; and shared a works TR4 with Jean-Jacques Thuner on the 1964 Shell 4000. He drove for the works Spitfire team in 1964, and later became British Rally Champion and a Triumph 2000 driver.
founder
Brian Fuerstenau
Mechanic and co-founder of Group 44 Inc.; 1968 SCCA F Production national champion in a car racingsportscars lists as a Spitfire.
Charlie Gates
American racing driver. He was the 1962 Pacific Coast Class E champion (TSOA); 2nd in the GT class up to 2.5 litres at Sebring in 1963 in a Standard-Triumph TR4; and the 1965 SCCA D Modified national champion in Kas Kastner's TR4A Super Stock. At Sebring he drove ADU 2B in 1965 and the TR4A prototype with Bob Tullius in 1966, and he was the only driver of the Macau Spitfire for Kastner in 1966–67.
founder
Dick Gilmartin
Advertising man and co-founder of Group 44 Inc., who raced the team's Spitfire and won SCCA national races with it in 1965. At Sebring in 1966 he and Mike Rothschild were 2nd in the GT class up to 2.5 litres in a works TR4A.
J. Gretener
Swiss co-driver to Jean-Jacques Thuner: in Thuner's private TR4 on the 1962 Monte Carlo Rally (2nd in class), in the works TR4s on the 1962 Alpine and Liège–Sofia–Liège, on the 1964 Tour de France and on the 1965 Coupe des Alpes. The TSOA Newsletter names him John Gretener.
head of experimental department
Ray Henderson
Head of Triumph's experimental department. He wrote a report on the proposed 1966 FIA rule changes that shaped the GT6R Le Mans project, and in mid-1966 his team built Bill Bradley's replacement car around ADU 1B. From 1962 he was chief mechanic of the works TR4 rally team at Fletchamstead North; he had worked on the TRS.
Rick Hilgers
Racing driver: 2nd in G Production at the 1966 American Road Race of Champions in a Spitfire.
David Hobbs
British racing driver. As a Jaguar apprentice he spun the prototype E2A in a test at Silverstone, by his own account; in the Daytona 3 Hours of February 1962 he drove Peter Berry Racing's E-Type, retiring with fuel-system trouble. He drove for the works Spitfire team at Le Mans in 1964 and 1965. In the non-championship BMW M1 Procar race at Donington Park on 3 June 1979 he was 9th, in BMW Switzerland's M1 (serial 4301063).
Terry Hunter
British rally driver for the works Spitfire team in 1964: 7th in the GT category on the Alpine, 1st in the GT class up to 1,300 cc on the Tour de France with Rob Slotemaker, and 2nd overall on the Geneva Rally.
Steve Johnson
1979 SCCA F Production national champion in a Spitfire.
service manager, team manager, founder, motorsport manager
Kas Kastner
American tuner, racer, team manager and author. He began racing in 1952 in an MG TD and opened a tuning shop in Salt Lake City in 1953. The TSOA Newsletter of October 1955 reports an "R. Kastner" winning two races in a TR2 at Cheyenne, Wyoming. In 1959, by the TSOA Newsletter's account, he won the Pacific Coast Class E Championship, the California Sports Car Club championship and the Motoracing West Coast Point Championship in a TR3 he drove to work and to races. After preparing three TR4s that finished 1st, 2nd and 4th in their class at Sebring in 1963 he set up Triumph's US competition department (by his account, no other foreign maker had one there) and wrote Triumph's competition preparation manuals. He finished three of the works TR4s for the 1964 Shell 4000, built the TR4A Super Stock in which Charlie Gates won the 1965 SCCA D Modified title, captained the TR4A team whose cars were 1st, 2nd and 3rd in class at Sebring in 1966, and in 1968 built the TR250K, a prototype on a TR4A chassis, with Peter Brock for Sebring. He was the factory team's guest at Le Mans in 1964 and owned the Macau Spitfire from 14 April 1966 to 2 February 1968. He left Triumph at the end of 1970 and was inducted into the British Sports Car Hall of Fame in its first class, 2017.
John Kelly
American racing driver. In 1968 he drove TR4As in SCCA D Production, entered by Group 44 according to racingsportscars: 2nd in D Production at Cumberland on 12 May, when TR4As finished 1st to 4th, and winner of the D Production race at the American Road Race of Champions in Group 44's TR4A. He was the 1970 SCCA F Production national champion in a Spitfire, and drove Group 44's TR8s in the 1980 Daytona 24 Hours and the 1981 Sebring 12 Hours.
Simo Lampinen
Finnish driver, signed by Harry Webster for the Triumph rally team; class winner at Le Mans in 1965 and 1st in the Prototype category of the 1965 Coupe des Alpes.
draughtsman
David Lloyd
Triumph draughtsman and pattern-maker who drew the Macau Spitfire's special features and made its glass-fibre deck and hump; in 2013 he guided Canley Classics' replacement of the hump.
deputy
John Lloyd
Harry Webster's deputy at Standard-Triumph. He later told Graham Robson that they took Bomb from prototype to production car in 15 months, and that a month after the launch he and Webster took two Spitfires to the Turin show.
Richard Lloyd
Gold Seal Racing driver in 1968–69; returned to historic racing at Goodwood in the 2000s in a Spitfire that Peter Clarke built with the Gold Seal car's 70X engine.
Jean-Louis Marnat
French racing driver; works Spitfire driver at Le Mans and in the Paris 1000 km in 1964.
Chris Marshall
Gold Seal Racing driver; 43rd at the 1969 Mugello Grand Prix and 13th in the 1969 Barcelona 12 Hours with John Britten.
stylist
Giovanni Michelotti
Turin car stylist. He began his career in 1937 as an apprentice at Stabilimenti Farina; according to carrozzieri-italiani he opened his own design studio in Turin in 1949, the first in Italy devoted only to car design; the TSOA Newsletter of 1966 also dates the studio to 1949. His first contact with Standard-Triumph came in 1957: Harry Webster's obituary in the Telegraph says Webster "discovered" him, while Graham Robson says he was found through Raymond Flower and hired on Webster's recommendation with Alick Dick's approval. His first Triumph design was the one-off TR3 "Dream Car" on a TR3 chassis, shown at Geneva in 1957 according to later accounts; Krause says it followed a chance meeting with Alick Dick at a motor show. He went on to design the Italia (1959–62) on TR3A and TR3B running gear. On his own initiative he drew a one-off body for a BMW 507 chassis, shown at the Turin show in 1959, which BMW has owned since 2005. He styled the Herald (1959), whose separate chassis made the Spitfire possible; answering Webster's idea of a "Herald sports car", he built a single prototype in 1960, code-named "Bomb", and later restyled the car as the Mk IV of 1970. For the TR he styled the prototypes Zest (1958) and Zoom (1959) and the TR4 of 1961, which joined Zest's nose to Zoom's tail and kept Zoom's hardtop with its lift-out panel; the TR4A, TR5 and TR250 kept that body with new detail, and its centre section on the TR6 (1969), whose new front and rear Karmann designed because he was busy. According to his son Edgardo, his work for Triumph ended in the late 1970s with a restyle of the TR7 from coupé to spider; he died in January 1980. No source read links him to the Le Mans or Macau competition bodies.
Lee Mueller
SCCA national champion in a Spitfire (F Production, 1969) and in a TR7 (D Production, 1979). In 1974–75 he drove Huffaker Engineering's V12 E-Type in SCCA B Production, winning on its debut at Seattle in August 1974.
Steve Neal
Drove ADU 2B with Bill Bradley in the 1966 Nürburgring 1000 km.
test driver
Fred Nicklin
Triumph test driver. According to Canley Classics he lapped MIRA at nearly 130 mph in the Macau Spitfire; he delivered ADU 7B to France and built, from works parts, the car that now carries the ADU 7B registration.
Jean-François Piot
French racing driver; drove Standard-Triumph's Spitfires in 1964–65, at Le Mans, Reims and Montlhéry.
Valerie Pirie
Stirling Moss's secretary, who drove the SMART team's Spitfire, ADU 467B, in 1964–65.
Albert Poon
Drove the Macau Spitfire to 2nd place in the Portuguese Trophy race at the 1965 Macau Grand Prix meeting (Canley Classics).
David Prophet
Drove Bill Bradley's ERW 412C with him in the 1965 Nürburgring 1000 km.
Mike Rothschild
American racing driver. In Triumph TR3s he was 2nd in the 2-litre GT class at the Sebring 12 Hours in 1957 and 1958, and on that record, the US factory club's newsletter said, he was chosen for the works TR3S team at Le Mans in 1959. At Sebring he won the GT class up to 2.5 litres with Peter Bolton in a Standard-Triumph TR4 in 1963, drove works Spitfires at Le Mans in 1964 and Sebring in 1965, and was 2nd in the 2.5-litre GT class with Dick Gilmartin in a works TR4A at Sebring in 1966.
Rob Slotemaker
Dutch racing driver; works Spitfire driver at Le Mans in 1964 and 1965 and on the 1964 Tour de France Automobile.
distributor
Walter Sulke
Of Z.F. Garages, the Standard-Triumph distributor in Hong Kong; commissioned the Macau Spitfire and drove it to 3rd place in the 1965 Macau Grand Prix (Canley Classics).
Taylor
Valerie Pirie's co-driver in the SMART Spitfire on the 1964 Tour de France Automobile.
Jean-Jacques Thuner
Swiss rally and racing driver. With J. Gretener he took his private TR4 to 2nd place in its class on the 1962 Monte Carlo Rally, a showing that, in Motor Sport's words, "seems to have caused this change of heart" at Leyland over a works team. He drove the works TR4s from 1962 to 1964: 2nd in class on the 1962 Alpine, 9th overall on the 1962 Liège–Sofia–Liège, and the 1964 Shell 4000 in Canada with Roy Fidler. He won the 1.15-litre GT class at Le Mans in 1965 and drove the works rally Spitfires in 1964–65. He was Swiss champion in 1965 with the Leyland Triumph Swiss Racing Team.
founder
Bob Tullius
American racing driver. He bought a TR3 in 1960 and raced from 1961. In TR4s he won the SCCA national E Production championship in 1962, Triumph's first national class title by the importer's account, and D Production in 1963 and 1964; Triumph gave him one of Kas Kastner's Sebring TR4s. With Brian Fuerstenau and Dick Gilmartin he founded Group 44 Inc. in 1965; it won 14 SCCA national titles and three Trans-Am championships before closing in 1990. In 1968 he raced Group 44's TR250 in SCCA C Production. By the importer's count in September he had six wins in the Northeast Division, enough for at least a tie for its title, and three outside it. He was 3rd in C Production at the ARRC, and he co-drove the TR250K at Sebring. From 1969 to 1974 he raced Group 44's TR-6 in SCCA C Production, 2nd at the 1972 American Road Race of Champions, and showed it on British Leyland's stand at the 1972 London Motor Show; Severson writes that the last TR6 built went to him. In 1974–75 he raced Group 44's V12 E-Type in SCCA B Production: 2nd at the 1974 Runoffs by 0.8 s, and national champion in 1975. He had won the SCCA Trans-Am drivers' championship in 1977 and 1978 with a Jaguar XJ-S. From 1979 to 1981 Group 44, Jaguar Rover Triumph's official US racing team, raced the TR8 in IMSA and the Trans-Am. It won its class on the car's debut, the Watkins Glen 6 Hours of July 1979; Tullius won his class four times in 1979, in IMSA GTO and the Trans-Am, as Car and Driver and Lamm count them, and Group 44's No. 44 won the IMSA GTO class four times in 1980. British Sports Car Hall of Fame, first class (2017).
apprentice, chief chassis engineer, chief engineer, director of engineering, engineer, technical director, group technical director
Harry Webster
Standard-Triumph's engineering chief: director of engineering from 1957 (Graham Robson says 1956) to 1968. The TR Register names him as chief chassis engineer of the team that engineered the TR2. The Spitfire was his idea of a "Herald sports car"; he brought Giovanni Michelotti into Standard-Triumph's work in 1957, Graham Robson credits his "persuasive powers" with Leyland's approval of the 1960 prototype after Standard's financial collapse, and took Triumph back to Le Mans with Spitfires, which won the 1.15-litre GT class in 1965. After British Leyland was formed he moved to Longbridge; CBE in 1974. He died at Kenilworth, aged 89.
Sources
Sources are given as plain text; their addresses are on the sources page.
- Primarymade at the time, by the maker or by people who were there
- Referenceserious later work: clubs, specialists, magazines, books
- Databaseresults and listings, entry by entry
- Uncheckedencyclopaedias and enthusiast sites: cited beside a good source, named in the sentence, or marked Unchecked
- Graham Robson, "Harry Webster – My Technical Mentor", Moss Motoring (Moss Motors), 12 Jun 2019, the Herald sports car; the dust sheet; Le Mans; John Lloyd; Le Mans; the Lampinen photograph. Reference
- Malcolm McKay, "Triumph Spitfire buyer's guide: what to pay and what to look for", Classic & Sports Car, 10 May 2019, Michelotti passage. Reference
- Moss Motoring, "Kas Kastner – The legend and the legacy", 30 Nov 2011. Reference
- Canley Classics, "ERW 412C". Reference
- The Daily Telegraph, "Harry Webster" (obituary), 9 Feb 2007, Markland and Stokes. Reference
- Graham Robson, "One Design, Many Derivatives", Moss Motoring, 26 Oct 2022. Reference
- Giles Chapman, "Harry Webster" (obituary), The Independent, 17 Feb 2007. Reference
- Lancaster Insurance, "The Triumph Spitfire: a celebration", 29 Dec 2021, para. 4. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Macau Spitfire", Ray Henderson; Henderson, David Lloyd, Nicklin; Sulke; Kastner section. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 4B Le Mans", photo captions. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire Gold Seal Racing". Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Sebring 12 Hours 1965, results, results. Database
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 1B Le Mans", Bradley's account. Reference
- carrozzieri-italiani.com, "Giovanni Michelotti"; "The Partnership Between Michelotti and Triumph". Unchecked
- Canley Classics, "Production Figures", Spitfire 1500 row. Reference
- Graham Robson, "Alick Dick: Triumph's Managing Director 1954–1961", Moss Motoring, 18 Jan 2021. Reference
- Canley Classics, "GT6R Proposed 1966 Le Mans Project". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Macau Spitfire progress" (blog), 19 Jun 2013. Reference
- Chic Doig and John Kipping, "Survivors, replicas, fakes, and other funny business", Canley Classics, ADU 7B. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 467B Rally". Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Le Mans 24 Hours 1964, results, results and DNF table. Database
- racingsportscars.com, Le Mans 24 Hours 1965, results, results and DNF table. Database
- Denis Jenkinson, "Le Mans 24-hour race", Motor Sport, Jul 1965, p. 11. Primary
- Moss Motoring, "Bob Tullius, Group 44 Inc.", 5 Apr 2009. Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Tour de France Automobile 1964, results, Nos 131 and 132. Database
- John Davenport, "Geneva Rally", Motor Sport, Dec 1964, p. 45. Primary
- racingsportscars.com, "Triumph Spitfire – All Results" (9 pages, 880 entries, 1962–87), 1964 ARRC. Database
- John Davenport, "Coupe des Alpes", Motor Sport, Sep 1965, p. 30. Primary
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 3B Le Mans". Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Paris 1000 km 1964 (Montlhéry), results, No. 57. Database
- Art "Dutch" Van Diggelen, "10 Years in the Making: A Recreation of the Macau Spitfire #3", Moss Motoring, 24 Sep 2025. Reference
- Classic Car Weekly, "Le Mans Spitfire comes home after extended holiday", 2004. Reference