Triumph Spitfire Racing
Standard-Triumph raced and rallied the Spitfire for two seasons, 1964 and 1965, and won its class at Le Mans in 1965; privateers in Britain and America carried on, and Spitfires won national titles in the United States until 1980.

Three works Spitfires started the Le Mans 24 Hours on 20 June 1964, and one finished: No. 50, ADU 2B, driven by David Hobbs and Rob Slotemaker, 21st overall. A year later Triumph's fastbacks finished 1st and 2nd in their class there.
Standard-Triumph raced and rallied the Spitfire for those two seasons only. Privateers kept its cars racing in Britain into 1967, the Macau Spitfire, built for a race in Macau in 1965, ran in America in 1966–67, and American drivers won national titles in Spitfires until 1980. The results at the foot of the page give each entry, race by race.source 1source 2source 3source 4source 5source 6source 7source 8
The works cars
Harry Webster, Standard-Triumph's engineering chief, chose the Spitfire for Le Mans, and Graham Robson writes that Webster had his engineer Ray Bates make its engine give about 100 reliable horsepower, using a prototype eight-port cylinder head. For the 1964 race Triumph's experimental department at Canley built four fastbacks, registered ADU 1B to ADU 4B: an aluminium inner structure with glass-fibre panels riveted to it, on a lightweight chassis.
The rally cars, ADU 5B to ADU 7B, were steel, production-based Spitfires with aluminium panels and a long nose, and from 1965 most of them had a glass-fibre fastback hardtop. ADU 8B was a fourth rally car according to New Zealand Classic Car, and a test and spare car according to Canley Classics. With them ran ADU 467B, built in the competition department for Stirling Moss's SMART team, and in 1965 AVC 654B, a left-hand-drive car built for Simo Lampinen. The factory built ERW 412C, which Canley Classics calls the "fifth 'Le Mans' car", for Bill Bradley in 1965, and the Macau Spitfire was a single-seater on a Le Mans tub.

Le Mans, 1964 and 1965
In 1964 the three cars ran among the prototypes from 1 to 3 litres, against Porsche 904s and Alpines. Mike Rothschild crashed No. 49, ADU 1B, after 23 laps. No. 65, ADU 3B, had a damaged tail that let exhaust fumes into the cockpit; Denis Jenkinson reported in Motor Sport that Jean-Louis Marnat, overcome, weaved from Arnage to the pits and crashed at the end of the pit area without hitting anyone. No. 50 ran on to finish 21st, 4th of the prototypes up to 3 litres as racingsportscars groups them.
In 1964 I did Le Mans in a works Triumph Spitfire with Rob Slotemaker. It would only do about 120 top whack, flat all the way from Arnage to the Esses, teetering through Tertre Rouge with its rear swing-axles on tip-toe. We won the class and I was paid £200, which was good money. In 1965 I drove for them again, but Rob crashed it.
That is his memory. The results put No. 50 behind a Porsche 904 and two Alpines in its class; the question of its place is below. The works team's other recorded circuit races that year were in France: Jean-François Piot retired at the Reims 12 Hours in July, and in October he and Marnat won the 1.15-litre GT class of the Paris 1000 km at Montlhéry, 22nd overall.
In 1965 all four cars ran in the 1.15-litre GT class, whose only other starter, an Alpine A110, retired with a failed clutch. No. 53, ADU 2B, shared by Peter Bolton and Bradley, went out after 6 laps with engine trouble (Canley Classics records a split oil cooler), and No. 52, ADU 1B, crashed with Slotemaker at the wheel. No. 60, ADU 4B, driven by Jean-Jacques Thuner and Simo Lampinen, won the class and finished 13th overall, and No. 54, probably ADU 3B, driven by Piot and Claude Dubois, was 2nd in class and 14th, the last car classified.

Where did ADU 2B finish in its class in 1964?
Fact check
4th
racingsportscars.com, among the prototypes from 1 to 3 litres
3rd
Classic & Sports Car, German Wikipedia and gt6mk2.com
Our reading. It did not win its class. racingsportscars puts it 4th of the prototypes up to 3 litres, behind a Porsche 904 and two Alpines, and 21st overall; 3rd probably follows the organisers' own capacity classes, which no source read lists, so both readings stand.source 1source 25source 26source 27
Sebring, 1965
On 27 March 1965 Standard Triumph Inc., the American company, entered three of the Le Mans cars in the Sebring 12 Hours, prepared under Kas Kastner, and Canley Classics has a photograph of a works mechanic, Peter Clarke, with ADU 4B there. No. 67, ADU 4B, driven by Ed Barker, Duane Feuerhelm and Rothschild, was 29th overall and 2nd in the GT class for cars up to 1,300 cc; No. 66, ADU 2B, with Bob Tullius and Charlie Gates, was 30th and 3rd; and No. 65, ADU 1B, crashed after 5 laps. The class went to the works MG Midget of Andrew Hedges and Roger Mac.source 28source 29source 5source 20source 18

The rallies, 1964–65
Which rally car carried which crew is mostly unrecorded in the sources read. On the Coupe des Alpes in June 1964, Terry Hunter was 7th in the GT category; Thuner retired after a collision with a car that was not in the rally, and Roy Fidler with a burnt piston on the Rousset.
On the Tour de France Automobile in September, No. 131, driven by Slotemaker and Hunter, won the GT class for cars up to 1,300 cc and finished 15th overall and 10th of the GT category. John Davenport reported in Motor Sport that a miscalculation left it out of petrol (gas) on the tightest road section in the Pyrenees, and it was penalised for lateness, which its best performance on handicap at Clermont-Ferrand could not undo. The other three Spitfires retired, among them ADU 467B, driven by Valerie Pirie and entered by Moss. Hunter's best result came that autumn, on the Geneva Rally:
Second overall was Terry Hunter in a works Spitfire, which was a magnificent drive by the young English driver in a car that shows much promise for next year.
In January 1965 three works Spitfires finished the Monte Carlo Rally, one of them 11th overall, in a year when only 35 of the 237 starters were classified; Pirie retired ADU 467B. On the Tulip Rally in April snow fell on the Champagnole–Mont Salève section, and the works Triumphs got their studded tyres too late. The best came on the Coupe des Alpes in July, which had no overall classification. In the Prototype category, against Böhringer's works Porsche 904 and a private Alfa Romeo TZ, Lampinen and Jorma Ahava were 1st and Thuner and J. Gretener 2nd, and the Spitfires beat the Porsche on the road sections before it retired. Davenport wrote of "Simo Lampinen's 40-kilometre sprint on the tightest selectif of all with no brakes in his Spitfire".
No source read records a works Spitfire on the RAC Rally of 1964 or 1965; Triumph's 1965 entry was a team of Triumph 2000s. After the works team stopped, Thuner won Group 3 on the 1966 Geneva Rally in the Swiss Leyland team's Spitfire, which Motor Sport called "the only semi-works appearance of this car in 1966".

Privateers: Bradley, Macau and Gold Seal
From 1965 Bradley raced cars the factory built and looked after for him: ERW 412C in 1965, ADU 2B until June 1966 and then a car rebuilt around ADU 1B, with ADU 5B as a spare. Both his Nürburgring 1000 km entries retired: in 1965 ERW 412C lost a wheel, and in 1966 ADU 2B crashed when Steve Neal was clipped, by Bradley's account, by the Chaparral that won the race. In 1965 he won a handicap race at Phoenix Park in Dublin, a Marque race at Brands Hatch and his class at Castle Combe, and from August 1966, by his own record, he won his class every time he raced the rebuilt car.
The Macau Spitfire was built for Walter Sulke of Z.F. Garages, the Standard-Triumph distributor in Hong Kong, and ran in the Macau Grand Prix on 28 November 1965. Canley Classics, which owns the car, says Sulke finished 3rd, and that Albert Poon was 2nd in it in the Portuguese Trophy race at the same meeting; one later account, in Moss Motoring in 2025, has Poon 2nd overall in the Grand Prix. In 1966–67 Kastner's department raced it in America, with Gates driving.
Peter Cox won the Freddie Dixon Trophy in 1967 in ADU 467B. In 1968 and 1969 Gold Seal Car Company, a London sports-car dealer, backed three drivers, Cox, Richard Lloyd and Chris Marshall, in Spitfires built and run by Cox and Peter Clarke, both former works mechanics. Their bodies, made by Windmill Plastics of Coventry, became almost all glass fibre, with only the bulkhead and floors in metal. A much-modified ADU 467B was Cox's first Gold Seal car. At the Mugello Grand Prix in July 1969 Cox crashed one car heavily in practice; in the race Marshall and John Britten were delayed by a puncture and finished 43rd, 4th in the 1-litre prototype class.source 17source 20source 18source 11source 40source 41source 42source 6source 43source 44source 45

In America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) decided its national champions at the American Road Race of Champions, later called the Runoffs. At the first, at Riverside on 14 November 1964, Ed Barker won G Production in a Spitfire, leading from the 3rd lap and setting the fastest lap, and other Spitfires were 3rd to 6th and 8th.
Group 44, founded at Falls Church, Virginia, in 1965 by Tullius, the mechanic Brian Fuerstenau and the advertising man Dick Gilmartin, raced Spitfires in the SCCA, and Gilmartin won national races for it at Cumberland and Connellsville that year. Over its 25 years Group 44 won 14 SCCA national titles in several makes; no source read says how many came in Spitfires.
Later Spitfire champions, as far as the sources read record them, were Don Devendorf in G Production and Fuerstenau in F Production in 1968 (racingsportscars lists Fuerstenau's car as a Spitfire), Lee Mueller in F Production in 1969 and John Kelly in F Production in 1970. Jerry Barker was 2nd in 1970, in F Production by racingsportscars' record and in G Production by his Road Racing Drivers Club biography. He won G Production in 1975, Steve Johnson won F Production in 1979, and Barker took F Production in 1980, his second national title, in the year Spitfire production ended. The sources read are incomplete for 1971–78.source 42source 46source 7source 8

Historic racing
In about 2004 Canley Classics thought it unlikely that any original works circuit car would be at Le Mans for the 40th anniversary of the 1964 race. According to Triumph World, as reported by gt6mk2.com, a replica registered ADU 1B first ran at the Le Mans Classic in 2004.
Genuine cars appear too. The Macau Spitfire has been shown at MIRA, driven by the former Triumph test driver Fred Nicklin, and at Enstone Airfield in 2002, and the rally car ADU 5B ran the Norwich Union Rally in 2007 and the Chatsworth Historic Rally Stages in 2008. In America, Moss Motoring recalled in 2021, the Friends of Triumph have held a Kastner Cup race event at Road Atlanta.
ADU 4B, the class winner of 1965 and the one Le Mans car to survive complete, raced again in America for about three years before Canley Classics bought it in 2004 and brought it back to England.source 47source 27source 6source 11source 48source 5source 49

Results
A yellow year marks a win.
- 1964
Geneva Rally 1964
1964. Terry Hunter: 2nd overallsource 33
- 1964
Le Mans Test Weekend 1964
19 April 1964, Le Mans, France. No. 49, Jean-Louis Marnat, David Hobbs and Rob Slotemaker: 25th overallsource 42
- 1964
Le Mans Test Weekend 1964
19 April 1964, Le Mans, France. No. 50, Jean-François Piot: 26th overallsource 42
- 1964
Coupe des Alpes (Alpine Rally) 1964
June 1964. Terry Hunter: 7th in GTsource 30
- 1964
Coupe des Alpes (Alpine Rally) 1964
June 1964. Jean-Jacques Thuner: retired: collision with a non-competing carsource 30
- 1964
Coupe des Alpes (Alpine Rally) 1964
June 1964. Roy Fidler: retired: burnt piston on the Roussetsource 30
- 1964
- 1964
- 1964
- 1964
Reims 12 Hours 1964
5 July 1964, Reims, France. No. 56, Jean-François Piot and Alain Bertaut: retired: enginesource 22
- 1964
- 1964
- 1964
Tour de France Automobile 1964
11 September 1964, France. No. 129, Jean-Jacques Thuner and J. Gretener (co-driver): retired: mechanicalsource 31
- 1964
Tour de France Automobile 1964
11 September 1964, France. No. 130, Bill Bradley and Roy Fidler (co-driver): retired: enginesource 31
- 1964
- 1964
Riverside 3 Hours 1964
10 October 1964, Riverside, USA. No. 24, Ed Barker and Charlie Gates: did not arrivesource 42
- 1964
Paris 1000 km 1964
11 October 1964, Montlhéry, France. No. 57, Jean-François Piot and Jean-Louis Marnat: 22nd overall, 1st in GT1.15source 23
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. No. 61, Ed Barker: 1st in G Productionsource 42
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. 3rd in G Productionsource 42
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. 4th in G Productionsource 42
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. 5th in G Productionsource 42
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. 6th in G Productionsource 42
- 1964
American Road Race of Champions 1964
14 November 1964, Riverside, USA. 8th in G Productionsource 42
- 1965
Monte Carlo Rally 1965
January 1965. 11th overallsource 34
- 1965
Monte Carlo Rally 1965
January 1965. finishedsource 34
- 1965
Monte Carlo Rally 1965
January 1965. finishedsource 34
- 1965
- 1965
- 1965
- 1965
- 1965
Le Mans Test Weekend 1965
11 April 1965, Le Mans, France. No. 53, Jean-François Piot, Claude Dubois and Rob Slotemaker: 26th overallsource 42
- 1965
Le Mans Test Weekend 1965
11 April 1965, Le Mans, France. No. 52, Jean-François Piot: 28th overallsource 42
- 1965
SCCA National, Cumberland 1965
16 May 1965, Cumberland, USA. Dick Gilmartin: 1st in its classsource 42
- 1965
Nürburgring 1000 km 1965
23 May 1965, Nürburgring, Germany. No. 102, Bill Bradley and David Prophet, in ERW 412C: retired: lost a wheelsource 40source 17
- 1965
Crystal Palace International 1965
7 June 1965, Crystal Palace, England. No. 81, Richard Attwood: source 42
- 1965
- 1965
- 1965
- 1965
Le Mans 24 Hours 1965
19 June 1965, Le Mans, France. No. 53, Peter Bolton and Bill Bradley, in ADU 2B: retired: engine (Canley Classics: a split oil cooler)source 3source 20
- 1965
BARC Mallory Park, June 1965
27 June 1965, Mallory Park, England. No. 85, Bill Bradley: 2nd in GT1.15/Clubman 1.0source 42
- 1965
BARC Mallory Park, June 1965
27 June 1965, Mallory Park, England. No. 85, Bill Bradley: 2nd in Handicap Asource 42
- 1965
- 1965
Coupe des Alpes (Alpine Rally) 1965
July 1965. Jean-Jacques Thuner and J. Gretener (co-driver): 2nd in Prototypesource 36
- 1965
Phoenix Park races 1965
24 July 1965, Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. No. 40, Bill Bradley: 1st in Formula Libre Handicap 2source 42
- 1965
LCCC Oulton Park, July 1965
31 July 1965, Oulton Park, England. No. 55, Bill Bradley: did not startsource 42
- 1965
BARC Croft, August 1965
15 August 1965, Croft, England. No. 114, Bill Bradley: 12th in GTsource 42
- 1965
BARC Oulton Park, August 1965
21 August 1965, Oulton Park, England. No. 148, Bill Bradley: 4th in GTsource 42
- 1965
BARC Oulton Park, August 1965
21 August 1965, Oulton Park, England. No. 148, Bill Bradley: 7th in Handicapsource 42
- 1965
SCCA National, Connellsville 1965
29 August 1965, Connellsville, USA. Dick Gilmartin: 1st in its classsource 42
- 1965
Redex Trophy, Brands Hatch 1965
30 August 1965, Brands Hatch, England. No. 151, Bill Bradley: 16th overallsource 42
- 1965
- 1965
BARC Brands Hatch, September 1965
12 September 1965, Brands Hatch, England. No. 14, Bill Bradley: 1st in Marquesource 42
- 1965
BARC Brands Hatch, September 1965
12 September 1965, Brands Hatch, England. No. 14, Bill Bradley: retiredsource 42
- 1965
H&DLLC Castle Combe 1965
9 October 1965, Castle Combe, England. Bill Bradley: 1st in GT1.2source 42
- 1965
H&DLLC Castle Combe 1965
9 October 1965, Castle Combe, England. Bill Bradley: 3rd in Sportssource 42
- 1965
Portuguese Trophy, Macau 1965
November 1965, Macau. Albert Poon, in Macau Spitfire: 2nd overallsource 6
- 1965
SCCA Regional, Vaca Valley 1965
6 November 1965, Vaca Valley, USA. No. 20, Ed Barker: 1st in GP+HP+HMsource 42
- 1965
American Road Race of Champions 1965
27 November 1965, Daytona, USA. Dick Gilmartin: 4th in G Productionsource 42
- 1965
Macau Grand Prix 1965
28 November 1965, Macau. Walter Sulke, in Macau Spitfire: 3rd overallsource 6
- 1966
Geneva Rally 1966
1966. Jean-Jacques Thuner: 1st in Group 3source 38
- 1966
BARC Brands Hatch, April 1966
24 April 1966, Brands Hatch, England. No. 154, Michael Costin: 4th in Marquesource 42
- 1966
BARC Oulton Park, May 1966
7 May 1966, Oulton Park, England. No. 59, Michael Costin: 7th in Marquesource 42
- 1966
Nürburgring 1000 km 1966
5 June 1966, Nürburgring, Germany. No. 39, Bill Bradley and Steve Neal, in ADU 2B: retired: accidentsource 41source 20
- 1966
BRSCC National, Crystal Palace 1966
6 August 1966, Crystal Palace, England. Bill Bradley, in ADU 1B: 1st in its classsource 18
- 1966
BARC Oulton Park, August 1966
20 August 1966, Oulton Park, England. No. 76, Michael Costin: 8th in Marquesource 42
- 1966
American Road Race of Champions 1966
26 November 1966, Riverside, USA. Rick Hilgers: 2nd in G Productionsource 42
- 1966
American Road Race of Champions 1966
26 November 1966, Riverside, USA. Dick Gilmartin: 3rd in G Productionsource 42
- 1967
American Road Race of Champions 1967
25 November 1967, Daytona, USA. Ed Barker: 3rd in G Productionsource 42
- 1968
BARC Mallory Park, May 1968
12 May 1968, Mallory Park, England. No. 77, Peter Cox: 4th in Special GTsource 42
- 1968
BARC Snetterton, June 1968
16 June 1968, Snetterton, England. Peter Cox: 5th in Productionsource 42
- 1968
American Road Race of Champions 1968
23 November 1968, Riverside, USA. No. 47, Don Devendorf: 1st in G Productionsource 42
- 1968
American Road Race of Champions 1968
23 November 1968, Riverside, USA. Mike Downs: 2nd in G Productionsource 42
- 1968
American Road Race of Champions 1968
23 November 1968, Riverside, USA. No. 44, Brian Fuerstenau: 1st in F Productionsource 42
- 1969
- 1969
- 1969
Barcelona 12 Hours 1969
5 October 1969, Barcelona, Spain. No. 24, Chris Marshall and John Britten: 13th overallsource 42
- 1969
American Road Race of Champions 1969
30 November 1969, Daytona, USA. No. 3, Lee Mueller: 1st in F Productionsource 42
- 1970
American Road Race of Champions 1970
29 November 1970, Road Atlanta, USA. No. 4, John Kelly: 1st in F Productionsource 42
- 1970
American Road Race of Champions 1970
29 November 1970, Road Atlanta, USA. Jerry Barker: 2nd in F Productionsource 42
- 1975
SCCA Runoffs 1975
November 1975, Road Atlanta, USA. Jerry Barker: 1st in G Productionsource 7
- 1979
SCCA Runoffs 1979
1979. Steve Johnson: 1st in F Productionsource 8
- 1980
- 2007
- 2008
Sources
Sources are given as plain text; their addresses are on the sources page.
- Primarymade at the time, by the maker or by people who were there
- Referenceserious later work: clubs, specialists, magazines, books
- Databaseresults and listings, entry by entry
- Uncheckedencyclopaedias and enthusiast sites: cited beside a good source, named in the sentence, or marked Unchecked
- racingsportscars.com, Le Mans 24 Hours 1964, results, results, 21st; DNF table; results and DNF table; results, P3.0; results table, 21st; DNF table. Database
- Denis Jenkinson, "The 24 Hours of Le Mans", Motor Sport, Jul 1964. Primary
- racingsportscars.com, Le Mans 24 Hours 1965, results, results, 13th and 14th; results and DNF table; GT1.15; results, 13th; results, 14th; DNF table. Database
- New Zealand Classic Car, "Getting the facts straight: Spitfires at Le Mans", 4 Nov 2015. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 4B Le Mans", para. 1; photo captions; photo captions; "Our Museum"; photo caption. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Macau Spitfire", the build; demonstrations. Reference
- Road Racing Drivers Club, "Jerry Barker". Reference
- zoompics.com, "1980 Runoffs" photo report. Reference
- Graham Robson, "Harry Webster – My Technical Mentor", Moss Motoring (Moss Motors), 12 Jun 2019, Le Mans. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU ~B Le Mans". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 5B Rally". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 7B Rally". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 8B Test / Spare Car". Reference
- Graham Robson, "One Design, Many Derivatives", Moss Motoring, 26 Oct 2022, the rally cars' nose. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 467B Rally". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Le Mans Fuel Tanks", AVC 654B. Reference
- Canley Classics, "ERW 412C". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 1B Le Mans", Bradley's account. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 3B Le Mans". Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire ADU 2B Le Mans". Reference
- Simon Taylor, "Lunch with… David Hobbs", Motor Sport, Jan 2011. Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Reims 12 Hours 1964, results, No. 56. Database
- racingsportscars.com, Paris 1000 km 1964 (Montlhéry), results, No. 57. Database
- Denis Jenkinson, "Le Mans 24-hour race", Motor Sport, Jul 1965, p. 11. Primary
- James Page, "Triumph Spitfire Mk1: Alpine adventure", Classic & Sports Car, 28 Feb 2024, panel 'Triumph Spitfires at Le Mans'. Reference
- Wikipedia (DE), "Triumph Spitfire", 2026, Motorsport section. Unchecked
- gt6mk2.com, "Some notable GT6s (and Spitfires)", citing Triumph World. Unchecked
- racingsportscars.com, Sebring 12 Hours 1965, results, results and DNF table; results; DNF table. Database
- Moss Motoring, "Kas Kastner – The legend and the legacy", 30 Nov 2011. Reference
- Motor Sport, "A Touch of the Midnight Sun" (1964 Alpine Rally), Aug 1964. Primary
- racingsportscars.com, Tour de France Automobile 1964, results, Nos 129–132; results; DNF table. Database
- John Davenport, "Rally review" (Tour de France 1964), Motor Sport, Nov 1964, Tour de France. Primary
- John Davenport, "Geneva Rally", Motor Sport, Dec 1964, p. 45. Primary
- John Davenport ("J. D. F. D."), "Rally review: Monte Carlo Rally", Motor Sport, Mar 1965. Primary
- John Davenport ("J. D. F. D."), "Tulip Rally", Motor Sport, Jun 1965. Primary
- John Davenport, "Coupe des Alpes", Motor Sport, Sep 1965, p. 30. Primary
- John Davenport, "Rally review" (RAC Rally 1965), Motor Sport, Jan 1966, RAC Rally 1965. Primary
- Atis Krauklis, "Rally Review", Motor Sport, Jan 1967, Geneva Rally 1966. Primary
- Wikipedia (EN), "Triumph Spitfire", 2026, competition section. Unchecked
- racingsportscars.com, Nürburgring 1000 km 1965, results, DNF table. Database
- racingsportscars.com, Nürburgring 1000 km 1966, results, DNF table. Database
- racingsportscars.com, "Triumph Spitfire – All Results" (9 pages, 880 entries, 1962–87), 1965–66 British entries; ARRC 1964–70; SCCA Nationals 1965. Database
- Art "Dutch" Van Diggelen, "10 Years in the Making: A Recreation of the Macau Spitfire #3", Moss Motoring, 24 Sep 2025. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Spitfire Gold Seal Racing". Reference
- racingsportscars.com, Mugello Grand Prix 1969, results, Nos 54 and 55. Database
- Moss Motoring, "Bob Tullius, Group 44 Inc.", 5 Apr 2009. Reference
- Canley Classics, "Macau Head". Reference
- Moss Motoring, "Loud Pedal", 19 May 2021. Reference
- Classic Car Weekly, "Le Mans Spitfire comes home after extended holiday", 2004. Reference